Christmas ...

Good evening. All thank you for feedback and attention to my photos. Very nice to read them, and I know what you think about them. Few New Year's theme.

Regards, Oleg.

Red Square in Moscow. View of the GUM.

Red Square - the main and most famous square in Moscow, located in China Town, near the north-eastern wall of the Kremlin, the Kremlin between travel, travel Resurrection Gates, Nikolskaya street, Ilinka, the barbarian and Vasilevsky descent to the Kremlin embankment. To the west of it is the Moscow Kremlin, to the east - Headers (GUM) and the average trade stalls, to the north - the Historical Museum and the Kazan Cathedral, to the south - Cathedral of the Intercession (St. Basil).
The total area of Red Square is 23 100 m ², length - 695 meters, width - 70 meters.
On the square located place of a skull, a monument to Minin and Pozharsky, the Lenin Mausoleum (mausoleum), near which the necropolis near the Kremlin wall, where the buried workers (mostly political and military) of the Soviet state (in addition, in 1920-30 - e years were buried there as foreign communists).
Access to the area open, except the time of the Mausoleum. Since 2001, the area is forbidden to ride bicycles.
Future Red Square was arranged before the walls of the Kremlin (the end of the beginning of XV-XVI century) as the band width of the sweep of space about 110 yards (240 meters). Originally called "bargaining" or "Fire", and the second half of XVII century - the "Red" (beautiful). In 1508-16 along the Kremlin walls was dug ditch width of more than 36 m and depth of 10-12 m, filled with water from the river Neglinnaya and named "Aleviz ditch" (named after the architect Aleviz Fryazin) travel from the towers across the moat was bridged. Located on the border between the Kremlin and plant (out here three main townsmen Street - St. Nicholas, Ilinka, Barbarian), near the wharves on the Moscow River area served as a trade center in Moscow, but long-term commercial buildings were not here. With the construction of the wall Kitaygorodskaya (1535-1538) Red Square, was within the borders of China-town. After a fire in 1547 Ivan the Terrible ordered the construction on the eastern side of the square wooden stalls; in 1595 by order of Boris Godunov, they were replaced by stone, with facades of the area and stretching along the Kremlin wall: top (between the streets of St. Nicholas and Ilinka), medium (between streets and Ilinka Varvarka), Lower (between Varvarka and Mytnaya yard near the gate Moskvoretsky China-town). At this time the square there were peals of cannon - the site for installation tools. On the rumblings from the Place of Skulls was the Tsar Cannon. In 1679-80 the area was cleared because of the danger of fires, wooden churches are broken, their thrones, moved to the Cathedral of that ditch. At the same time were built on the Kremlin towers (except for St. Nicholas). In 1689, overbuilt Resurrection Gates, erected a stone building of the Land of the order and stone Mint. In 1702-03, near the Nicholas gate was installed "Comedy horomina - public theater, a wooden building which existed until 1720-30-ies. Go to the main pharmacy was built potatory house - "Kazan avsteriya. In 1707-08 in connection with the threat of the Swedish invasion in front of the Kremlin wall poured earthen rampart with bastions (in Red Square was dug ditch and erected an earth mound; see the bastions of the XVIII century). Victory in the Great Northern War of 1700-21 was marked by a device on the Red Square triumphal gate. In 1730's was built a new building of the Mint, later known as the Provincial Board (where, in particular, in the era of Catherine the detention Pugachev and Radishchev). In 1780-ies. the reconstruction of the Red Square (wooden buildings have been removed, altered facades Upper Trading Rows, along the moat built two-storey retail shops, 1786). Place of Skulls cleared of extensions and deferred to the current location (east of the former). Closed between the two-story arcade series, Red Square was expressed by the longitudinal direction. In 1804, paved with cobblestones. After the destruction during the invasion of Napoleon's army I (1812) Upper Trading Rows were restored in 1814-15 by architect OI Bove, trade shops along the moat demolished, he filled moat, near the Kremlin wall planted with two rows of trees. In 1818, before the central portico of the Upper Trading Rows, a monument to Minin and D. K. Pozharsky. Red Square gradually lost its commercial function, there were various celebrations and festivities. Significant changes in construction of Red Square has undergone in the last quarter of the XIX century. In 1874-83 on the site demolished the Land of the order has been erected the building of the Historical Museum, in 1888-93 by architect AN Pomerantseva and engineer Vladimir Shukhov built a new building of the Upper Trading Rows, Average built stalls (1889-91) . In 1892 the area was illuminated by electric lanterns. In 1909, the Red Square, along the Kremlin wall, and went tram (rails removed in 1930).
After the October Revolution, Red Square has gained new memorial, a value. November 10, 1917 at the Red Square celebration of burying the dead Red - participants October battles in Moscow. 7 November 1918 Lenin discovered a plaque of STKonenkov "fallen in the struggle for peace and brotherhood among peoples", mounted on a tower and taken off the Senate during its restoration in 1950.
In 1918, Red Square has become a major venue for parades and demonstrations (here held a parade on Nov. 7, 1941, whose members left the area to the front, and the Victory Parade - June 24, 1945). Before the Senate tower was erected Tribune (originally wooden, then brick, architect V. Mayat). In 1924, on Red Square, built a temporary wooden mausoleum of Lenin (in 1930 the stone, the architect A. Shchusev). In the 1930's. Red Square paved stone blocks, set the rostrum, demolished the Kazan Cathedral and Resurrection Gate (restored 1994-96), the monument to Minin and Pozharsky moved to the Pokrovsky Cathedral, open traffic to the facade of GUM. In 1938 in the Red Square is on Vasilevsky descent. In 1946-47 erected concrete guest podium decorated at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, in 1972, was reconstructed Red Square with a large diameter TBM, in 1973-74 necropolis renovated, stands are granite, pavers area updated and placed on concrete foundation . May 28, 1987 German athlete-pilot Mathias Rust made an unauthorized flight from Helsinki to Moscow and landed in Red Square. More precisely, the very landing actually took place on a bridge across the Moscow River, after which the aircraft arrived almost to St. Basil's Cathedral is on the chassis and stopped there.
In 1990-ies. Red Square celebrations are held, set a time shopping facilities, the venue for concerts.
17-22 December 2000 at the Red Square in aid to city engineers and technical staff of the Moscow Theatre "Ballet on Ice" was first built rink size is 15 by 30 meters, with changing rooms and a buffet with hot food and coffee. Desired temperature was maintained at the rink mixed cooling system. The cooling system water poured Moscow fire. Rink worked from December 23 to January 13 from 11 to 20 hours, and in the evening New Year 31 December to six hours. Admission to all days - free of charge. Near installed tree, and around two dozen of huge ice sculptures up to 4-5 meters. In addition, the Red Square there were two large video screens on which day of broadcast cartoons for children and evening concerts.
GUM (before 1953 Upper Trading Rows) - a large shopping center (department store) in downtown Moscow and one of Europe's largest, occupies an entire city block and leaves the main facade of the Red Square is an architectural monument of federal importance.

Title:	Christmas ...
Username:	Oleg_Lobzin
Uploaded:	26 Dec 2010 - 11:14 PM
Camera:	Pentax K200D
Lens:	Tamron 18-250 Check out Totally Tamron!
Recording media:	JPEG (digital)
Tags:	Cobbles., Drop., Gum., Illumination., Landscape / travel, Lights., Night / low light, Night., People., Photo journalism, Red, Reflections., Rink., Searchlight., Sky., Snow., Square., Street photography, Tree.
Votes:	48